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Gravitational force between two point masses
F=GMm/r^2
Gravitational field strength
distance at a point in gravitational field is defined as gravitational force per unit massE=F/m
Gravitational potential
Gravitational potential at a point in a gravitational field is defined as negative of work done by gravitational force in moving a unit mass from infinity to that pointV=GM/r
Gravitational Potential energy
It is the negative of work done by gravitational forces in making the system from infinite separation to the present position
U=-GMm/r
Escape velocity
It is the velocity at which an object is thrown so that it can cross out the gravitational attraction of earth and reaches into the Vacuum
Escape Velocity= √(2gR) = √(2GM/R)=11.2 km/s
Orbital Velocity The velocity with which an object is revolving around a planet in Space
Orbital velocity= √GM/r
Kepler's Law
He gave three empirical laws which describes the motion of planets
First law
Each planet moves in an elliptical orbit with the sun at one focus of the ellipse
Second Law
The radius vector drawn from the sun to the planet sweeps out equal areas in equal interval of time that is aerial velocity is constant
dA/dt=L/2m= constant
Where L is angular momentum and m is the mass of the planet
Third Law
T^2=r^3
Square of the period of revolution of a planet around the sun is always proportional to the cube of the distance of a planet from the sun
Mon Nov 28, 2022
Sonika Agarwal
A California-based travel writer, lover of food, oceans, and nature.